Research report on related technologies in the medical endos

Time：2020-07-25 23:38 Click：/Second

(1) Soft lens and hard lens

The body of the rigid endoscope cannot be bent or twisted, and the depth into the human body is small; while the body of the soft endoscope is soft, bendable, long in length, and the depth into the human body is also large. Due to the difference in morphology, the clinical use directions of the two types of lens bodies are also different. The rigid endoscope has the appearance of a hard material, and contains many groups of optical prisms, which transmit the front end view to the eyepiece through the principle of optical refraction and reflection. The flexible endoscope adopts the total reflection of the optical fiber bundle to conduct, and has the characteristic of being bendable. The defect is that the optical fiber bundle conducts the image loss.

(2) Composition and imaging principle of electronic endoscope

Electronic endoscope is mainly composed of three main parts: endoscope, TV information system center and TV monitor. Its imaging mainly relies on the micro image sensor (CCD) equipped on the front end of the lens body. The main function of CCD can convert optical signals into electrical signals. That is, a miniature camera will display the image on the TV monitor screen after the image is processed by the image processor. The image is clearer than the ordinary optical fiber mirror, the color is vivid, the resolution is higher, and it can be watched by multiple people at the same time.

In addition to the endoscope, the TV information system center and the TV monitor, the electronic endoscope is also equipped with some auxiliary devices, such as video recorders, cameras, suction devices, keyboards for inputting various information, and various treatment tools for diagnosis and treatment. Wait.

The imaging principle of the electronic endoscope uses the light emitted by the light source equipped in the TV information center to guide the light into the subject cavity through the optical fiber in the endoscope, and the CCD image sensor receives the light reflected from the mucosal surface of the body cavity. This light is converted into electrical signals, and then the signals are sent to the TV information center through wires, and these electrical signals are stored and processed through the TV information center, and finally transmitted to the TV monitor to display the detected organs on the screen. Color mucosal image.

CCD is the core device of the electronic endoscope. It converts light signals into electrical signals in a charge-coupled manner, and transmits them to the video processor to complete image transmission and reproduction.

(3) Principle of fiber endoscope

The main difference between the fiber endoscope and the traditional pure optical endoscope or electronic endoscope is that the image transmission unit uses the image transmission fiber. The image transmission fiber consists of multiple light guide fibers arranged in a plane array according to the principle of coordinate alignment, and each light guide fiber is used as a pixel on the plane array. The coordinate positions of the two ends of the image transmission fiber correspond to each other. The objective lens directly focuses and images the object on the optical fiber array. Each light guide fiber on the optical fiber array receives the light energy of the corresponding position and transmits the light energy to the other end of the image transmission fiber. All the light energy output by all pixels on the area array at the image side reorganizes the focused image of the objective lens, which not only achieves the purpose of light transmission.

The key performance of the fiber endoscope for effective application is the imaging level. In addition to the requirement that the objective lens has a large viewing angle, small distortion, high relative aperture and depth of field, the quality of the image transmission fiber is the main contribution to the image quality and level of the fiber endoscope. The number of optical fiber pixels is a key factor that limits the resolution limit of fiber endoscopes.

Optical fiber light transmission principle: ordinary optical fiber is a cylindrical filament, which has a double-layer structure: the middle is a fiber core with a high refractive index, and the outside is a fiber coating with a low refractive index. There is a good gap between the core and the coating. Optical interface. Then the incident light will be emitted from the other end of the optical fiber after several total reflections in the optical fiber.

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Research report on related technologies in the medical endos

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